सदस्य:Czeror/लिथियम

Lithium,  ₃Li

Lithium floating in oil
Spectral lines of lithium
General properties
Name, symbol	lithium, Li
Pronunciation	/ˈlɪθiəm/ साचा:Respell
Appearance	silvery-white
Lithium in the periodic table
H ↑ Li ↓ Na helium ← lithium → beryllium
Atomic number	3
Standard atomic weight	6.94(1)
Element category	alkali metal
Group, block	group 1 (alkali metals), s-block
Period	period 2
Electron configuration	[He] 2s1
per shell	2, 1
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Melting point	453.65 K ​(180.50 °C, ​356.90 °F)
Boiling point	1603 K ​(1330 °C, ​2426 °F)
Density near r.t.	0.534 g·cm−3
liquid, at m.p.	0.512 g·cm−3
Critical point	3220 K, 67 MPa (extrapolated)
Heat of fusion	3.00 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	136 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity	24.860 J·mol−1·K−1
vapor pressure साचा:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	+1 ​(a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 0.98
Ionization energies	1st: 520.2 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 7298.1 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 11815.0 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	empirical: 152 pm
Covalent radius	128±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	182 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​साचा:Infobox element/crystal structure साचा:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod, at 20 °C	6000 m·s−1
Thermal expansion	46 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	84.8 W·m−1·K−1
Electrical resistivity	92.8 nΩ·m (at 20°C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	4.9 GPa
Shear modulus	4.2 GPa
Bulk modulus	11 GPa
Mohs hardness	0.6
CAS number	7439-93-2
History
Discovery	Johan August Arfwedson (1817)
First isolation	William Thomas Brande (1821)
Most stable isotopes
साचा:Noprint
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
6Li content may be as low as 3.75% in natural samples. 7Li would therefore have a content of up to 96.25%.