भाषेची झीज

भाषेची झीज होणे ही मूळ किंवा मातृभाषा गमावण्याची प्रक्रिया आहे. ही प्रक्रिया सामान्यत: प्रथम भाषेच्या (मातृभाषेच्या) ("L1") भाषकांपासून वेगळे होणे आणि दुसरी भाषा ("L2") प्राप्त करणे आणि वापरणे या दोन्हीमुळे उद्भवते, जी पहिल्या भाषेच्या योग्य उत्पादनात आणि आकलनामध्ये व्यत्यय आणते. दुसऱ्या भाषेचा असा हस्तक्षेप सर्व द्विभाषिकांनी काही प्रमाणात अनुभवला असेल, परंतु ज्या लोकांच्या मातृभाषेशिवाय दुसरी भाषा दैनंदिन जीवनात महत्त्वाची भूमिका बजावू लागली आहे अशा भाषिकांमध्ये भाषेची झीज जास्त स्पष्ट आहे. जे लोक परभाषीय देशात वास्तव्यास असतात, अशा लोकांच्या भाषेची झीज होण्याची शक्यता जास्त असते.

हेसुद्धा पाहा

• भाषा
• भाषाशास्त्र
• बहूभाषिकता

संदर्भ

अवतरण

• One Language or Two? Archived 2009-05-30 at the Wayback Machine.: Answers to Questions about Bilingualism in Language-Delayed and Typically Developing Children
• Retention and Attrition of Irish as a Second Language (PDF: 5.2 MB) by Lelia Murtagh: PhD thesis, University of Groningen.
• Akinci, M.-A. (n.d.). Practiques langagières et représentations subjectives de la vitalité ethnolinguistique des immigrés turcs en France. (retrieved from the Internet2004/11/08).
• Ammerlaan, T. (1996). “You get a bit wobbly...” – Exploring bilingual lexical retrieval processes in the context of first language attrition. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Nijmefen: Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen.
• Ben-Rafael, M. and Schmid, M. S. 2007: Language attrition and ideology: Two groups of immigrants in Israel. In Köpke, B., Schmid, M. S., Keijzer, M., and Dostert, S., editors, Language attrition: Theoretical Perspectives, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 205-26.
• Berko Gleason, J. (1982). Insights from Child Language Acquisition for Second Language Loss. In R.D. Lambert & B. F. Freed (Eds.), "The Loss of Language Skills". Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
• Bylund, E. 2008. Age Differences in First Language. Stockholm University PhD dissertation.
• Bylund, E. 2009. Maturational constraints and first language attrition. Language Learning 59(3): 687-715.
• Cook, V. (2005). “The changing L1 in the L2 user’s mind”. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on First Language Attrition, Amsterdam, 18.8.2005.
• Cook, V. 2003. The changing L1 in the L2 user’s mind. In Vivian Cook (ed.), Effects of the second language on the first (pp. 1–18). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
• de Bot, K. & Clyne, M. (1994). “A 16-year longitudinal study of language attrition in Dutch immigrants in Australia”. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 15 (1), 17-28.
• de Bot, K., Gommans, P. & Rossing, C. (1991). “L1 loss in an L2 environment: Dutch immigrants in France”. In H.W. Seliger & R.M. Vago (Eds.), First Language Attrition. (pp. 87–98). Cambridge: CUP.
• de Bot, K., Gommans, P., & Rossing, C (1991). L1 Loss in an L2 environment: Dutch immigrants in France. In H.W.Seliger and R.M. Vago (Eds.), "First Language Attrition". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Fujita, M. (2002). Second Language English Attrition of Japanese Bilingual Children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Temple University, Tokyo, Japan. *Gardner, R. C., Lalonde, R.N, & Moorcroft, R. (1987). Second Language Attrition: The Role of Motivation and Use. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Vol.6, No.1: 29-47.
• Hansen, L. (2001). Japanese Attrition in Contexts of Japanese Bilingualism. In M.G. Noguchi and S. Fotos (Eds.), "Studies in Japanese Bilingualism Bilingual Education" (p. 353 - p. 372). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, Ltd.
• Hansen, L. and Reetz-Kurashige, A. (1999). Investigating Second Language Attrition: An Introduction. In Lynne Hansen (Ed.). "Second Language Attrition: Evidence from Japanese Contexts" (p. 6). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Hayashi, Brenda (1999). Testing the regression hypotheis: The remains of the Japanese negation system in Micronesia. In Lynne Hansen (Ed.). "Second Language Attrition: Evidence from Japanese Contexts" (p. 154 - p. 168). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Hulsen, M. (2000). Language Loss and Language Processing: Three generations of Dutch migrants in New Zealand. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Nijmegen: Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen.
• Hyltenstam, K. and Abrahamsson, N. (2003). Maturational Constraints in SLA. In Doughty & Long (Eds.), "The Handbook of Second Language Acquisition". Rowley, MA: Blackwell.
• Jaspaert, K., Kroon, S., van Hout, R. (1986). Points of Reference in First-Language Loss Research. In B. Weltens, K. de Bot, and T. van Els (Eds.), "Language Attrition in Progress, Studies on Language Acquisition" (p. 37 - p. 49). Dordrecht, NL: Foris Publications.
• Keijzer M (2007) Last in first our? An investigation of the regression hypothesis in Dutch emigrants in Anglophone Canada. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PhD dissertation.
• Köpke, B. 1999. L’attrition de la première language chez le bilingue tardif: implications pour l’étude psycholinguistique du bilinguisme. Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail PhD Dissertation.
• Köpke, B. 2007. Language attrition at the crossroads of brain, mind and society. In Köpke, B., Schmid, M. S., Keijzer, M., and Dostert, S., editors, Language attrition: Theoretical Perspectives, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 9-37.
• Köpke, B., M.S. Schmid, M. Keijzer & S. Dostert (Eds.). 2007. Language Attrition: Theoretical perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
• Lambert, R.D. & Freed, B.F. (Eds). (1982). The Loss of Language Skills. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
• Lambert, R.D. & Moore, S.J. (1986). Problem Areas in the Study of Language Attrition. In B. Weltens, K. de Bot, and T. van Els (Eds.), "Language Attrition in Progress, Studies on Language Acquisition" (p. 177 - p. 186). Dordrecht, NL: Foris Publications.
• Montrul, S. 2004. Convergent outcomes in L2 acquisition and L1 loss. In M. S. Schmid, B. Köpke, M. Keijzer & L. Weilemar (Eds.), First Language Attrition: Interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues (259-279). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
• Montrul, S. 2008. Incomplete Acquisition in Bilingualism. Re-examining the Age Factor. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
• Montrul, S. 2009. Re-examining the fundamental difference hypothesis. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 31: 225-257.
• Murtagh, L. (2003). Retention and Attrition of Irish as a Second Language: A longitudinal study of general and communicative proficiency in Irish among second level school leavers and the influence of instructional background, language use and attitude/motivation variables. Proefschrift (ter verkrijging van het doctoraat in de Letteren), Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. (retrieved November 24, 2004). http://www.www.ub.rug.nl/eldoc/dis/arts/l.murtagh/thesis.pdf
• Obler, L.K. (1993). Neurolinguistic aspects of second language development and attrition. In K. Hyltenstam and A. Viberg (Eds.), "Progression & Regression in Language: Sociocultural, neuropsychological, & linguistic perspectives (p. 178 - p. 195). Stockholm, Centre for Research on Bilingualism: Camridge University Press.
• Olshtain, E. and Barzilay, M. (1991). Lexical retrieval difficulties in adult language attrition. In H.W.Seliger and R.M. Vago (Eds.), "First Language Attrition". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Pallier, C. 2007. Critical periods in language acquisition and language attrition. In Köpke et al. (eds.), 155-168.
• Paradis, M. 2007: L1 attrition features predicted by a neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism. In Köpke, B., Schmid, M. S., Keijzer, M., and Dostert, S., editors, Language attrition: Theoretical Perspectives, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 121-33.
• Pavlenko, A. (2003). “I feel clumsy speaking Russian”: L2 influence on L1 in narratives of Russian L2 users of English. In V. Cook (Ed.), Effects of the second language on the first (pp. 32–61). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
• Pavlenko, A. (2004). L2 influence and L1 attrition in adult bilingualism. In M. S. Schmid, B. Köpke, M. Keijzer & L. Weilemar (Eds), First Language Attrition: Interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues (pp. 47–59). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
• Pelc, L. 2001. L1 Lexical, Morphological and Morphosyntactic Attrition in Greek-English Bilinguals. CUNY PhD dissertation.
• Russell, Robert (1999). Lexical maintenance and attrition in Japanese as a second language. In Lynne Hansen (Ed.). "Second Language Attrition: Evidence from Japanese Contexts" (p. 114 - p. 141). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Schmid, M. S. & B. Köpke. 2007. Bilingualism and attrition. In Köpke, B., Schmid, M. S., Keijzer, M., and Dostert, S., editors, Language attrition: Theoretical Perspectives, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1-7.
• Schmid, M. S. & E. Dusseldorp. 2010. Quantitative analyses in a multivariate study of language attrition. Second Language Research 26(1).
• Schmid, M. S. 2002. First Language Attrition, Use, and Maintenance: The case of German Jews in Anglophone countries. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
• Schmid, M. S. 2007. The role of L1 use for L1 attrition, in Köpke et al. (eds), 135-153.
• Schmid, M. S. 2009. On L1 attrition and the linguistic system. EUROSLA Yearbook 9, 212-244.
• Schmid, M. S., B. Köpke, M. Keijzer & L. Weilemar. 2004. First Language Attrition: Interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
• Schmid, M.S. & Köpke, B. (2008). L1 attrition and the mental lexicon. In: A. Pavlenko (Ed.) The bilingual mental lexicon: Interdisciplinary approaches (pp. 209–238). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
• Seliger, H. W. and Vago, R. M. 1991. “The Study of First Language Attrition: An Overview.” In First Language Attrition, Seliger, H.W. and Vago, R. M. (eds), 3-15. Cambridge University Press.
• Sharwood Smith, M. 1983. “On explaining language loss.” In Language Development on the Crossroads, Felix, S. and Wode, H. (Eds.), 49-69. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
• Sorace, A. 2005. “Selective optionality in language development. ” In Syntax and variation. Reconciling the biological and the social, Cornips, L. and Corrigan, K. P., (Eds.) , 55-80 Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 55-80.
• Tsimpli, I. 2007. “First language attrition from a minimalist perspective: Interface vulnerability and processing effects.” In Köpke et al. (eds.), 83-98.
• Tsimpli, I., Sorace, A., Heycock, C. and Filiaci, F. 2004. “First language attrition and syntactic subjects: A study of Greek and Italian near-native speakers of English.” International Journal of Bilingualism 8(3): 257-277.
• Yamamoto, M. (2001). Language Use in Interlingual Families: A Japanese-English Sociolinguistic Study. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, Ltd.
• Yoshitomi, A. (1992). Towards a Model of Language Attrition: Neurological and Psychological Contributions. "Issues in Applied Linguistics Vol 3, No 2:" 293-318.
• Yukawa, E. (1998). L1 Japanese Attrition and Regaining: Three case studies of two early bilingual children. Tokyo: Kurosio Publishers.