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विविध आसने

विकिपीडिया, मुक्‍त ज्ञानकोशातून

योग ही एक उत्कृष्ट जगण्याची कला आणि विज्ञान आहे. भारतीय संस्कृतीमध्ये पुरातन काळापासून योगविज्ञानाचे महत्त्व सांगितले आहे. योगामुळे आपले मन, शरीर बलवान आणि सुंदर बनते. योग हा मानसिक आणि शारीरिक पातळीवर असणारे आजार मुळापासून बरे करण्यास मदत करतो. पुरातन काळात भारतीय संस्कृतीमध्ये राजे, ऋषी, मुनी,सामान्य जनता आपल्या रोजच्या जीवनात योगशास्त्र वापरत असत. त्यमुळे त्यांचे जगणे अजून आनंदमय होत असे.आजही हिमालयात अनेक ऋषी-मुनी योगसाधना करतात.

आजच्या धकाधकीच्या जीवनात प्रत्येक लहान - थोर मंडळीनी योगविज्ञान शिकले पाहिजे . योगाचे दोन प्रकार असतात एक म्हणजे ध्यानधारणा करून आणि दुसरा म्हणजे योगासने करून. शरीराच्या प्रत्येक अवयवासाठी वेगवेगळे उत्तम योगासने आहेत. वज्रासन,ताडासन,मास्य्सान ,धनुरासन हे काही प्रकार होत. अनुक्रमे मंड्या,उंची वाढवणे,पोट,शरीर यासाठी ही आसने फार लाभ दायक आहेत. आजकाल शाळेत शारीरिक शिक्षण तासाला योगासने शिकवली जातात. हे लहान मुलांच्या आरोग्यासाठी वाढत्या वयातले उत्तम औषध आहे. शारीरिक संतुलनाचा एक महामार्ग आहे.

दुर्धर आजारांनी त्रासलेल्या लोकांना, मानसिक आजारी असलेले लोक,कामाच्या ताणापासून मुक्ती हवी असलेल्यांना ध्यानधारणा हा एक राजमार्ग आहे. थोड्याश्या जागेतही, रोज थोडा वेळ दिला तरी आपण ध्यानधारणा करू शकतो.

येथे विविध आसनांचे चित्रदालन तयार केले आहे.[१]

आसने

[संपादन]
योगासने कृती प्रकार Described[a][३][b] चित्र
अधोमुख श्वानासन [४] Downward-Facing Dog Standing 20th C. TK[५]
18th C. HAP (in dynamic pose "Gajāsana")[६]
अधोमुखवृक्षासन[७] Downward-Facing Tree,
Yoga Handstand
 Balancing 18th C. HAP[८]
आकर्णधनुरासन

[९]

Shooting bow,
Archer,
Bow and arrow
 Sitting 19th C. ST[१०] (as Dhanurāsana)
अनन्तासन [११] Ananta's pose,
Vishnu's Couch pose
 Reclining 20th C. LoY[१२]
अञ्जनेयासन[१३] Crescent Moon[१४] Standing 20th C.[१५]
Variation with arms down
अर्धचन्द्रासन [१६] Half moon Standing 20th C. LoY[१७]
अष्टाङ्ग नमस्कार [१८] Eight-Limbed Salutation
Caterpillar 		Reclining 20th C. TK[१८]
अष्टावक्रासन[१९] Aṣṭāvakra's pose,
Eight-angled
 Balancing 20th C. LoY[२०]
बद्धकोणासन[२१]
Bhadrasana[२२]
 Bound angle,
Cobbler's pose 		Sitting, Meditation[२२] 15th C. HYP[२२]
17th C. GhS[२२]
बकासन,
ककासन
[२३]
Kakasana[२४]
 Crane (arms straight)
Crow (arms bent)
 Balancing 17th C. HR[२५]
बालासन[२६] Child Sitting 20th C. TK[२७]
19th C. ST Ananda Balasana (as Kandukasana)[२८]
भैरवासन
अण्कुशासन

Ankushasana[२९]
 Formidable Reclining 19th C. ST[२९]
भरद्वाजासन[३०] Bharadvaja's twist Sitting, Twist 20th C. LoY[३१]
भेकासन[३२] Frog Reclining, Backbend 20th C. LoY[३३]
भुजंगासन[३४] Cobra Reclining, Backbend 17th C. GhS 2.42[३५][३६]
भुजपीडासन[३७] Arm-pressing posture Balancing 20th C. LoY[३८]
बिडालासन
मार्जरीआसन
[३९]
Marjariasana[४०]
 Cat Kneeling, Backbend 20th C. T.K.V. Desikachar, Satyananda Saraswati[४०]
चतुरङ्गदण्डासन[४१] Four-Limbed Staff
Low Plank 		Reclining 20th C. TK[४२]
दण्डासन[४३] Staff Sitting 8th C. PSV[४४]
धनुरासन[४५] Bow Reclining, Backbend 15th C. HYP 1.27
दुर्वासासन[४६] Durvasa's Pose Standing, Balancing 19th C. ST (as 'Trivikramasana')[४७]
गर्भासन[४८] Embryo in Womb Sitting 17th C. BaH[४९]
गरुडासन[५०] Eagle Standing, Balancing 19th C. ST[५१][c]
गोमुखासन[५२] Cow-faced Sitting, Meditation[५३] 4th C. DU 3.3–4[५४][५५]
7th C. AS[५५]
10th C. V[५६]
15th C. HYP 1.20
17th C. HR 3[५७][५८][५५]
गोरक्षासन Cowherd
Gorakhnath's pose
 Sitting, Meditation 14th C. ShS 3.108-112
15th C. HYP 1.28-29
17th C. GhS 2.24-25
हलासन[५९] Plough Inversion, Forward bend 19th C. ST[६०] (as Lāṇgalāsana, plough)
20th C. TB[६१]
हनुमानासन[६२] Hanuman's Pose Sitting 20th C. TK[६३]
जानुशीर्षासन[६४] Head-to-Knee Sitting, Forward Bend 20th C. TK[६५][६६]
जठर परिवर्तनासन[६७] Belly twist Reclining, Twist 20th C. LoY[६७]
कपोतासन[६८] Pigeon Kneeling, Backbend 20th C. LoY[६९]
कर्णपीडासन[७०] Ear-pressing Inversion, Forward bend 20th C. TB[७१] (as variant of Halasana); LoY[७२]
कौण्डिन्यसन[७३] Kaundinya's pose Balancing 20th C. LoY[७४]
क्रौञ्चासन[७५] Heron Sitting 17th C. HR[२५]
कुक्कुटासन[४८] Cockerel Balancing 7th C. AS[४९]
13th C. VS[७६]
15th C. HYP 1.23
17th C. GhS 2.31[५१]
कूर्मासन[७७][७८] Tortoise Sitting, Forward bend 7th C. AS[४९]
लोलासन[७९] Pendant Balancing 20th C.[d][e]
मकरासन[८२] Crocodile Reclining 17th C. GhS 2.40[f]
मालासन[८४] Garland Squatting, Forward bend 20th C. LoY[८४]
मंडुकासन Frog Sitting 17th C. GhS[३५]
मरीच्यासन[८५] Marichi's Pose Sitting, Twist 20th C. TK[८६]
मत्स्यासन[८७] Fish Reclining, Backbend 17th C. GhS 2.21
मत्स्येन्द्रासन[८८] Lord of the Fishes
Matsyendra's pose 		Sitting, Twist 15th C. HYP 1.28-29
17th C. GhS
मयूरासन[७] Peacock Balancing 10th C. V[५६]
15th C. HYP 1.33
मुक्तासन[८९] Liberated Sitting, Meditation 10th C. V[५६][g]
नटराजासन[९०] Lord of the Dance
Dancer
Nataraja's Pose 		Standing, Backbend 20th C. TK[९१]
नावासन,
परिपूर्णनावासन
नौकासन [२९]
 Boat Sitting, Forward bend 19th C. ST[२९]
पद्मासन[९२] Lotus Sitting, Meditation[९३] 4th C. DU[९४]
8th C. PSV[४४]
परिघासन[९५] Gate Standing 20th C. TK[४२]
पार्श्वकोणासन[९६] Side angle Standing 20th C. TK[४२][६५]
पार्श्वोत्तनासन[९७] Intense side stretch Standing 20th C. TK[४२][६५]
पाशासन[९८] Noose Squatting, Twist 19th C. ST[३६]
पश्चिमोत्तानासन[९९] Seated Forward Bend Sitting, Forward Bend 15th C. HYP 1:28[१०]
17th C. GhS 2:26[१०]
पिञ्चमयूरासन[१००] Feathered Peacock Balancing 20th C. LoY[१०१]
प्रसारित पादोत्तानासन[१०२] Wide Stance Forward Bend Standing, Forward bend 20th C. TK[४२][६५]
राजकपोतासन[१०३] King Pigeon Sitting, Backbend 20th C. LoY[१०४]
शलभासन[१०५] Locust Reclining, Backbend 20th C. TB[१०६]
सालम्बसर्वाङ्गासन[१०७] Shoulder Stand Inversion 20th C. (this name); 19th C. as Viparita Karani in JP; 15th C. HYP
समकोणासन[१०८] Side splits Sitting 20th C. TK[६५]
शवासन[१०९] Corpse Reclining 15th C. HYP 1.32[११०]
सेतुबन्धसर्वाङ्गासन[१११] Shoulder supported bridge Inversion, Backbend 19th C. ST, called Kāmapīṭhāsana[११२]
सिद्धासन (men),
Siddha Yoni Asana (women)[११३]
 Accomplished,
The Adept's Pose 		Sitting, meditation [११३] 10th C. GS 1.10-12
सिंहासन[११४] Lion Sitting, Meditation[११४] 4th C. DU[९४]
10th C. V[५६]
शीर्षासन[११५]
Kapalasana[११६] 		Headstand,
Yoga Headstand
 Inversion 11th C. HY[११७](called Duryodhanāsana or Kapālīkarana)
14th C. ShS 4.45-47 (as Viparita Karani)[११८]
15th C. HYP 3.78-81 (ditto)[११८]
17th C. GhS 3.33-35 (ditto)[११८]
18th C. JP (as Kapala āsana)
सुखासन[११९] Easy Sitting, Meditation[१२०] 4th C. DU[१२१]
सुप्त पादाङ्गुष्ठासन[१२२] Big toe supine Reclining 20th C. TK[४२][६५]
सुर्य नमस्कार[१२३][१२४] Forward bend,
backbend sequence 		Standing 20th C. Rajah of Aundh,[१२५] then TK[५]
स्वस्तिकसन[१२६] Auspicious
Lucky mark 		Sitting, Meditation[१२६] 8th C. PSV[४४]
ताडासन[१२७] Mountain Standing 20th C. TK[४२]
टिट्टिभासन[१२८] Firefly Balancing 19th C. ST[३६] (as Mālāsana)
त्रिकोणासन,
उत्थित त्रिकोणासन [१२९] 		Triangle Standing 20th C. TK[१३०]
त्रिविक्रमासन[१३१] Trivikrama's pose
Standing splits
Supta Trivikramasana (reclining variant) 		Standing, Balancing 13th - 18th C. in Bharatnatyam dance statues of Eastern Gopuram, Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram[१३२]

[१३३]

तुलासन[१३४] Balance / Scales Balancing 20th C. LoY[१३५]
उपविष्टकोणासन[१३६] Open Angle Sitting 20th C. TK[६५]
उत्कटासन Awkward or Powerful Standing 15th C. HYP (squatting)[१३७]
17th C. GhS[३५]

20th C. TK[१३८] (chair-like)
ऊर्ध्वधनुरासन, चक्रासन [१३९]
Chakrasana
 Upwards-facing bow,
Wheel 		Inversion, Backbend 19th C. ST[१४०] (as Paryaṇkāsana)
ऊर्ध्वमुखश्वानासन[१४१] Upward-Facing Dog Reclining, Backbend 20th C. TK[४२]
उष्ट्रासन[१४२] Camel Kneeling, Backbend 20th C. LoY[१४३]
उत्तानासन[१४४] Standing Forward Bend Standing, Forward bend 20th C. TB (as Padahastasana)[१४५]; TK[४२][६५]
उत्थित हस्तपादाङ्गुष्ठासन[१४६] Standing Big Toe Hold
(I: leg to the side;
II: leg to the front[१४६])
 Standing 20th C. TK[४२][६५]
वज्रासन)[१४७] Thunderbolt Kneeling, Meditation[१४८] 17th C. GhS[३५] (may mean Virasana[११०])
वसिष्ठासन[१४९] Vasishta's pose,
Side plank
 Balancing 20th C. TK[१५०]
विपरीत दण्डासन[१५१] Inverted Staff Inversion, Backbend 20th C. TK?, LoY[१५१]
विपरीतकरणी[१५२]
Uttanapadasana (variant) 		Inverted practice
Legs up the wall
 Inversion 13th C. VM for pratyahara[१५३]
14th C. ShS 4.45-47[११८]
15th C. HYP 3.78-81[११८]
17th C. GhS 3.33-35[११८] and other texts[१३०][h]
विपरीतवीरभद्रासन[१५४] Reversed Warrior[i] Standing 21st C. PL[१५४]
वीरभद्रासन [१५५] Warrior I Standing 20th C. TK[१५६][१५७]
वीरभद्रासन २[१५८] Warrior II Standing 20th C. TK[१५६][१५७]
वीरभद्रासन III [१५९] Warrior III Standing 20th C. TK[१५६][१५७]
वीरासन,
ध्यान वीरासन [१६०]
Dhyana Virasana[१६१]
 Hero,
Hero's Meditation
 Kneeling, Meditation[१६१][१६२] 4th C. DU[९४]
8th C. PSV[४४] (these may refer to a different meditation pose)
वृक्षासन[१६३] Tree Standing, Balancing 17th C. GhS[३५]
वृश्चिकासन[१६४] Scorpion Inversion, Backbend 20th C. LoY[१६५] (13th - 18th C. in Bharatnatyam dance statues of Eastern Gopuram, Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram but not yoga[१३२])
Variant with one leg bent
योगनिद्रासन[१६६]
Pasini Mudra 		Yogic sleep
Noose Mudra 		Reclining, Forward bend 17th C. HR 3.70
17th C. GhS 3.84 as a Mudra
18th C. painting, Mysore[१६७]

नोट्स

[संपादन]
  1. ^ Sjoman notes that the names of asanas have been used "promiscuous[ly]", making their history difficult to trace: the presence of matching names is not proof of continuity, since the same name may mean a different pose, and a pose may have been known by other names at different times.[२] The dates here are therefore based on documents which provide actual descriptions of the asanas.
  2. ^ The Yin Yoga variants are similar but not identical to their 'Yang' equivalents.[३]
  3. ^ GhS uses the name Garuḍāsana for a different pose.
  4. ^ Not yet yoga in 1896 as Jhūla pose in Vyayama Dipika gymnastics book[८०]
  5. ^ LoY has the legs as in Gomukhasana, not in Padmasana.[८१]
  6. ^ LoY quotes and interprets GhS 2.40 as meaning a variant of Salabhasana, the legs stretched out and raised, the arms as GhS states on the head, also raised;[८३] Saraswati has the head supported with elbows on the ground;[८२]a a widespread modern form has feet and head on the ground.
  7. ^ Several sitting meditation poses have been called Muktasana.
  8. ^ Viparita Karani is an inverted practice rather than an asana; the ShS, HYP and GhS descriptions suggest the actual posture used was a headstand.
  9. ^ This is a well-documented example of a post-Light on Yoga (1966) pose, created as a variation of the 20th century Warrior poses. Hundreds of less common variations of other poses have been created in the same time frame.

संदर्भ

[संपादन]
  1. ^ "योगासनांचे वर्गीकरण". 20 June 2018 रोजी पाहिले.
  2. ^ Sjoman 1999, पान. 59.
  3. ^ a b Powers 2008, पान. 195.
  4. ^ Mehta, Mehta & Mehta 1990, पान. 147.
  5. ^ a b Singleton 2010, पाने. 205-206.
  6. ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, पान. 125.
  7. ^ a b Lidell 1983, पान. 142.
  8. ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, पान. 124.
  9. ^ Saraswati 1996, पान. 137.
  10. ^ a b c Sjoman 1999, पान. 84.
  11. ^ Mehta, Mehta & Mehta 1990, पान. 87.
  12. ^ Iyengar 1979, पाने. 246-247.
  13. ^ Steiner, Ronald (June 2015). "Anjaneyāsana - Learning devotion from Hanuman". Yoga Aktuell (जर्मन भाषेत) (92 June/July 2015). 23 January 2019 रोजी पाहिले.
  14. ^ Lidell 1983, पाने. 132–133.
  15. ^ Lidell 1983, पाने. 132-133.
  16. ^ Mehta, Mehta & Mehta 1990, पान. 30.
  17. ^ Iyengar 1979, पाने. 74-76.
  18. ^ a b Singleton 2010, पाने. 205–206.
  19. ^ Mehta, Mehta & Mehta 1990, पान. 128.
  20. ^ Iyengar 1979, पाने. 276-278.
  21. ^ Mehta, Mehta & Mehta 1990, पान. 57.
  22. ^ a b c d "How to do Bhadrasana?". The Yoga Institute. 3 August 2018. 5 January 2019 रोजी पाहिले.
  23. ^ Mehta, Mehta & Mehta 1990, पान. 130.
  24. ^ Lidell 1983, पान. 60.
  25. ^ a b Srinivasa 2002, पाने. 98–122 asanas listed; Figures of asanas in unnumbered pages between pages 153 and 154; asanas named but not described in text listed on pages 157–159.
  26. ^ Lidell 1983, पान. 39.
  27. ^ "Balasana - Child Pose". Akasha Yoga. 13 January 2019 रोजी पाहिले.
  28. ^ Sjoman 1999, पाने. 15, 70; plate 1 (pose 6).
  29. ^ a b c d Sjoman 1999, पान. 69.
  30. ^ Mehta, Mehta & Mehta 1990, पान. 77.
  31. ^ Iyengar 1979, पाने. 251-254.
  32. ^ Mehta, Mehta & Mehta 1990, पान. 86.
  33. ^ Iyengar 1979, पाने. 126-128.
  34. ^ Mehta, Mehta & Mehta 1990, पान. 93.
  35. ^ a b c d e Mallinson 2004, पाने. 16–17.
  36. ^ a b c Sjoman 1999, पान. 76.
  37. ^ Mehta, Mehta & Mehta 1990, पान. 129.
  38. ^ Iyengar 1979, पाने. 280-282.
  39. ^ Lidell 1983, पान. 166.
  40. ^ a b "Cat Pose – Marjariasana". Akasha Yoga. 13 January 2019 रोजी पाहिले.
  41. ^ Mehta, Mehta & Mehta 1990, पान. 89.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Singleton 2010, पाने. 204-205.
  43. ^ Mehta, Mehta & Mehta 1990, पान. 52.
  44. ^ a b c d Mallinson & Singleton 2017, पाने. 97-99.
  45. ^ Mehta, Mehta & Mehta 1990, पान. 94.
  46. ^ Iyengar 1979, पाने. 299-302.
  47. ^ Sjoman 1999, पान. 78.
  48. ^ a b Lidell 1983, पाने. 136–137.
  49. ^ a b c Mallinson, James (9 December 2011). "A Response to Mark Singleton's Yoga Body by JamesMallinson". 4 January 2019 रोजी पाहिले. revised from American Academy of Religions conference, San Francisco, 19 November 2011.
  50. ^ Mehta, Mehta & Mehta 1990, पान. 46.
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