जकात (दान)

जकात (अरबी: زكاة; [zaˈkaːt], "जे शुद्ध करते"^[१], तसेच जकात अल-माल [zaˈkaːt alˈmaːl] زكاة المال, "संपत्तीवर जकात"^[२] किंवा जकात)^[३] हा दानाचा एक प्रकार आहे, जो बहुधा मुस्लिम उम्माने^[४] गोळा केला जातो. इस्लाममध्ये हे एक धार्मिक बंधन मानले जाते^[५]^[६] आणि कुराणाच्या क्रमवारीनुसार, प्रार्थना (नमाज) नंतर महत्त्व जकातला आहे.

इस्लामच्या पाच स्तंभांपैकी एक म्हणून, जकात हे सर्व मुस्लिमांसाठी एक धार्मिक कर्तव्य आहे जे गरजूंना मदत करण्यासाठी संपत्तीचे आवश्यक निकष पूर्ण करतात.^[७]^[८] हे एक अनिवार्य धर्मादाय योगदान आहे, जे सहसा कर मानले जाते. ^[९] ^[१०] इस्लामच्या इतिहासात, विशेषतः रिद्दाच्या युद्धांदरम्यान, जकातचे पैसे आणि विवादांनी मोठी भूमिका बजावली आहे.^[११] ^[१२]

संदर्भ[संपादन]

^ Benda-Beckmann, Franz von (2007). Social security between past and future: Ambonese networks of care and support. LIT Verlag, Münster. p. 167. ISBN 978-3-8258-0718-4. Zakat literally means 'that which purifies'. It is a form of sacrifice which purifies worldly goods from their worldly and sometimes impure means of acquisition, and which, according to God's wish, must be channeled towards the community.
^ "Zakat Al-Maal (Tithing)". Life USA. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. 11 August 2016 रोजी पाहिले.
^ Benda-Beckmann, Franz von (2007). Social security between past and future: Ambonese networks of care and support. LIT Verlag, Münster. p. 167. ISBN 978-3-8258-0718-4. Zakat literally means 'that which purifies'. It is a form of sacrifice which purifies worldly goods from their worldly and sometimes impure means of acquisition, and which, according to God's wish, must be channeled towards the community.
^ Benda-Beckmann, Franz von (2007). Social security between past and future: Ambonese networks of care and support. LIT Verlag, Münster. p. 167. ISBN 978-3-8258-0718-4. Zakat literally means 'that which purifies'. It is a form of sacrifice which purifies worldly goods from their worldly and sometimes impure means of acquisition, and which, according to God's wish, must be channeled towards the community.
^ Salehi, M. (2014). "A Study on the Influences of Islamic Values on Iranian Accounting Practice and Development". Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance. 10 (2): 154–182. doi:10.12816/0025175. Zakat is a religious tax that every Muslim has to pay.
^ Lessy, Z. (2009). "Zakat (almsgiving) management in Indonesia: Whose job should it be?". La Riba Journal Ekonomi Islam. 3 (1). Zakat is alms-giving and religiously obligatory tax.
^ Yusuf al-Qaradawi (1999), Monzer Kahf (transl.), Fiqh az-Zakat, Dar al Taqwa, London, Volume 1, आयएसबीएन 978-967-5062-766, p. XIX.
^ "BBC - Religions - Islam: Islam at a glance". 2022-03-08. Archived from - the original Check |url= value (सहाय्य) on 8 March 2022.
^ Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan Ṭūsī (2010), Concise Description of Islamic Law and Legal Opinions, आयएसबीएन 978-1904063292, pp. 131–135.
^ Hefner R.W. (2006). "Islamic economics and global capitalism". Society. 44 (1): 16–22. doi:10.1007/bf02690463. Zakat is a tax levied on income and wealth for the purpose of their purification.
^ Bonner, Michael (2003), Poverty and Charity in Middle Eastern Contexts, State University of New York Press, आयएसबीएन 978-0791457382, p. 15: "In the old Arabic narratives about the early Muslim community and its conquests and quarrels, zakat and sadaqa loom large at several moments of crisis. These include the beginning of Muhammad's prophetic career in Mecca, when what appear to be the earliest pieces of scripture insist on almsgiving more than any other human activity. These moments of crisis also include the wars of the ridda or apostasy in C.E. 632–634, just after Muhammad's death. At that time most of the Arabs throughout the peninsula refused to continue paying zakat (now a kind of tax) to the central authority in Medina; Abu Bakr, upon assuming the leadership, swore he would force them all to pay this zakat, "even if they refuse me only a [camel's] hobble of it," and sent armies that subdued these rebels or "apostates" in large-scale battles that were soon followed by the great Islamic conquests beyond the Arabian peninsula itself."
^ Shoufani, Elias (1973), Al-Riddah and the Muslim Conquest of Arabia, University of Toronto Press, आयएसबीएन 978-0802019158.

[fvbb12-1] Benda-Beckmann, Franz von (2007). Social security between past and future: Ambonese networks of care and support. LIT Verlag, Münster. p. 167. ISBN 978-3-8258-0718-4. Zakat literally means 'that which purifies'. It is a form of sacrifice which purifies worldly goods from their worldly and sometimes impure means of acquisition, and which, according to God's wish, must be channeled towards the community.

[Life2-2] "Zakat Al-Maal (Tithing)". Life USA. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. 11 August 2016 रोजी पाहिले.

[fvbb13-3] Benda-Beckmann, Franz von (2007). Social security between past and future: Ambonese networks of care and support. LIT Verlag, Münster. p. 167. ISBN 978-3-8258-0718-4. Zakat literally means 'that which purifies'. It is a form of sacrifice which purifies worldly goods from their worldly and sometimes impure means of acquisition, and which, according to God's wish, must be channeled towards the community.

[fvbb14-4] Benda-Beckmann, Franz von (2007). Social security between past and future: Ambonese networks of care and support. LIT Verlag, Münster. p. 167. ISBN 978-3-8258-0718-4. Zakat literally means 'that which purifies'. It is a form of sacrifice which purifies worldly goods from their worldly and sometimes impure means of acquisition, and which, according to God's wish, must be channeled towards the community.

[5] Salehi, M. (2014). "A Study on the Influences of Islamic Values on Iranian Accounting Practice and Development". Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance. 10 (2): 154–182. doi:10.12816/0025175. Zakat is a religious tax that every Muslim has to pay.

[6] Lessy, Z. (2009). "Zakat (almsgiving) management in Indonesia: Whose job should it be?". La Riba Journal Ekonomi Islam. 3 (1). Zakat is alms-giving and religiously obligatory tax.

[yaqaradxix-7] Yusuf al-Qaradawi (1999), Monzer Kahf (transl.), Fiqh az-Zakat, Dar al Taqwa, London, Volume 1, आयएसबीएन 978-967-5062-766, p. XIX.

[8] "BBC - Religions - Islam: Islam at a glance". 2022-03-08. Archived from - the original Check |url= value (सहाय्य) on 8 March 2022.

[tusi2010-9] Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan Ṭūsī (2010), Concise Description of Islamic Law and Legal Opinions, आयएसबीएन 978-1904063292, pp. 131–135.

[10] Hefner R.W. (2006). "Islamic economics and global capitalism". Society. 44 (1): 16–22. doi:10.1007/bf02690463. Zakat is a tax levied on income and wealth for the purpose of their purification.

[mbonner15-11] Bonner, Michael (2003), Poverty and Charity in Middle Eastern Contexts, State University of New York Press, आयएसबीएन 978-0791457382, p. 15: "In the old Arabic narratives about the early Muslim community and its conquests and quarrels, zakat and sadaqa loom large at several moments of crisis. These include the beginning of Muhammad's prophetic career in Mecca, when what appear to be the earliest pieces of scripture insist on almsgiving more than any other human activity. These moments of crisis also include the wars of the ridda or apostasy in C.E. 632–634, just after Muhammad's death. At that time most of the Arabs throughout the peninsula refused to continue paying zakat (now a kind of tax) to the central authority in Medina; Abu Bakr, upon assuming the leadership, swore he would force them all to pay this zakat, "even if they refuse me only a [camel's] hobble of it," and sent armies that subdued these rebels or "apostates" in large-scale battles that were soon followed by the great Islamic conquests beyond the Arabian peninsula itself."

[12] Shoufani, Elias (1973), Al-Riddah and the Muslim Conquest of Arabia, University of Toronto Press, आयएसबीएन 978-0802019158.

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