राष्ट्रकुल परिषद

विकिपीडिया, मुक्‍त ज्ञानकोशातून
राष्ट्रकुल परिषद देश

राष्ट्रकुल परिषद (इंग्रजी: Commonwealth of Nations) ही एक अशी आंतरराष्ट्रीय संघटना आहे ज्या मार्फ़त विविद्ध सामाजिक, राजकीय व अर्थव्यवस्था असलेले देश एकत्र येऊन समान तत्वे व मुद्दांवर काम करीत, जे सिंगापुर घोषणेत [१] नमूद आहे. यात सामिल आहे लोकतंत्र, मानव हक्क, चांगले सरकार, न्याय, व्यक्तिगत स्वातंत्र, खुला व्यापार व जागतिक शांती साठी काम करणे.[२]

अनुक्रमणिका

सदस्य देश [संपादन]

विद्यमान सदस्य [संपादन]

All table information based on figures provided by the Commonwealth of Nations Secretariat members list, most population figures are based on 2007 estimates, unless otherwise noted.[३]

Note: The table can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the Sort none.gif icon.

देश प्रवेश खंड लोकसंख्या टीपा[A]
अँटिगा आणि बार्बुडा अँटिगा आणि बार्बुडा 1981-11-011 नोव्हेंबर 1981 उत्तर अमेरिका 88,000
ऑस्ट्रेलिया ऑस्ट्रेलिया 1931-12-1111 December 1931 ओशनिया 22,073,000 Granted nominal independence (Dominion status) on 1 January 1901. Australia was one of the original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931, although the statute was not adopted in Australia until 1942.[४]
बहामास बहामास 1973-07-1010 July 1973 उत्तर अमेरिका 342,000
बांगलादेश बांगलादेश[B] 1972-04-1818 April 1972[५] आशिया 162,221,000 Gained independence from Pakistan in 1971.[६]
बार्बाडोस बार्बाडोस 1966-11-3030 November 1966 उत्तर अमेरिका 279,000
बेलिझ बेलिझ 1981-09-2121 September 1981 उत्तर अमेरिका 322,130
बोत्स्वाना बोत्स्वाना 1966-09-3030 September 1966 आफ्रिका 1,950,000
ब्रुनेई ब्रुनेई 1984-01-011 January 1984 आशिया 400,000
कामेरून कामेरून 1995-11-1313 November 1995[७] आफ्रिका 19,522,000 Most of the country was the formerly French Mandate territory (later U.N Trust territory) of Cameroun and gained independence from France on 1 January 1960, uniting with the much smaller former British Mandate territory of Southern Cameroons on its gaining independence from the United Kingdom on 1 October 1961.
कॅनडा कॅनडा 1931-12-1111 December 1931 उत्तर अमेरिका 34,053,000 [८] Granted nominal independence (Dominion status) on 1 July 1867. Canada was the first among the several original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931.[९] Incorporated another original Dominion, Newfoundland, on 31 March 1949.[१०]
सायप्रस सायप्रस 1961-03-1313 March 1961[११] Europe 794,200 Gained independence from the United Kingdom on 18 August 1960.
डॉमिनिका डॉमिनिका 1978-11-033 November 1978 उत्तर अमेरिका [C]79,000
गांबिया गांबिया 1965-02-1818 February 1965 आफ्रिका 1,717,000
घाना घाना 1957-03-066 March 1957 आफ्रिका 23,837,000
ग्रेनेडा ग्रेनेडा 1974-02-077 February 1974 उत्तर अमेरिका 103,000
गयाना गयाना 1966-05-2626 May 1966 South America 761,000
भारत भारत 1947-08-1515 August 1947 आशिया 1,173,230,000 Incorporated former French India (Chandannagar from 2 May 1950 and Pondichéry, Karikal, Yanaon and Mahé from 1 November 1954), former Portuguese India (Goa, Daman and Diu from 19 December 1961 and Dadra and Nagar Haveli formally from 1961) and Sikkim (from 16 May 1975).
जमैका जमैका 1962-08-066 August 1962 उत्तर अमेरिका 2,721,000
केनिया केनिया 1963-12-1212 December 1963 आफ्रिका 39,856,000
किरिबाटी किरिबाटी 1979-07-1212 July 1979 ओशनिया [D]99,000
लेसोथो लेसोथो 1966-10-044 October 1966 आफ्रिका 2,000,000
मलावी मलावी 1964-07-066 July 1964 आफ्रिका 15,884,000
मलेशिया मलेशिया 1963-09-1616 September 1963 आशिया 28,356,000 Joined as the Federation of Malaya in 1957; reformed as Malaysia with its federation in 1963 with Singapore (became a separate member in 1965), Sabah, and Sarawak.[१२]
मालदीव मालदीव 1982-07-099 July 1982 आशिया 329,000 Gained independence from the United Kingdom on 26 July 1965.[१३] Maldives was a special member from 9 July 1982 until 20 July 1985.[१४]
माल्टा माल्टा 1964-09-2121 September 1964 Europe 412,668
मॉरिशस मॉरिशस 1968-03-1212 March 1968 आफ्रिका 1,285,000
मोझांबिक मोझांबिक 1995-11-1313 November 1995[१५] आफ्रिका 22,892,000 Gained independence from Portugal on 26 June 1975. The first country to be admitted to the Commonwealth without any former colonial or constitutional links with the United Kingdom.[१६]
नामिबिया नामिबिया 1990-03-2121 March 1990 आफ्रिका 2,131,000 Gained independence from South आफ्रिका.[१७]
नौरू नौरू[B] 1968-11-01†1 November 1968 ओशनिया 14,000 Nauru is a special member. Gained independence on 31 January 1968 from joint trusteeship of Australia, न्यू झीलँड and United Kingdom. The nation was a special member from 1 November 1968 until 1 May 1999, when it became a full member,[१८] before reverting back to special status in January 2006.[१९]
न्यू झीलंड न्यू झीलंड 1931-12-1111 December 1931 ओशनिया 4,317,972 Granted nominal independence (Dominion status) on 26 September 1907. One of the original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931, although the Statute was not adopted in New Zealand until 1947.[२०]
नायजेरिया नायजेरिया 1960-10-011 October 1960 आफ्रिका 154,796,000 Incorporated the former British Mandate territory of Northern Cameroons on 31 May 1961. Suspended in 1995, suspension lifted in 1999.[२१]
पाकिस्तान पाकिस्तान 1947-08-1414 August 1947 आशिया 168,052,000 Left in 1972, rejoined 1989; suspended in 1999, suspension lifted in 2004; again suspended in 2007,[२२] suspension lifted in 2008.[२३] Includes the city of Gwadar, transferred from Muscat and Oman on 8 September 1958.
पापुआ न्यू गिनी पापुआ न्यू गिनी 1975-09-1616 September 1975 ओशनिया 6,737,000 Gained independence from Australia.
र्‍वान्डा रवांडा[B] 2009-11-2929 November 2009[२४] आफ्रिका 9,998,000 Gained independence from Belgium on 1 July 1962. The second country to be admitted to the Commonwealth without any former colonial or constitutional links with the United Kingdom.[१६]
सेंट किट्स आणि नेव्हिस सेंट किट्स व नेव्हिस[B] 1983-09-1919 September 1983 उत्तर अमेरिका 52,000
सेंट लुसिया सेंट लुसिया 1979-02-2222 February 1979 उत्तर अमेरिका 171,000
सेंट व्हिन्सेंट आणि ग्रेनेडीन्स सेंट व्हिन्सेंट आणि ग्रेनेडीन्स 1979-10-2727 October 1979 उत्तर अमेरिका [C]119,000 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was a special member from 27 October 1979 until 1 June 1985.
सामो‌आ सामोआ 1970-08-2828 August 1970 ओशनिया 185,000 Gained independence from न्यू झीलँड on 1 January 1962. Joined as Western Samoa, subsequently changing its name to Samoa on 4 July 1997.[२५]
सेशेल्स सेशेल्स 1976-06-2929 June 1976 आफ्रिका 84,000
सियेरा लिओन सियेरा लिओन 1961-04-2727 April 1961 आफ्रिका 5,695,000
सिंगापूर सिंगापूर 1965-10-15†15 October 1965 आशिया 4,986,000 First joined as part of Malaysia on 16 September 1963.
सॉलोमन द्वीपसमूह सॉलोमन द्वीपसमूह 1978-07-077 July 1978 ओशनिया 913,000
साचा:देश माहिती South आफ्रिका दक्षिण आफ्रिका 1931-12-1111 December 1931 आफ्रिका 49,423,000 Granted nominal independence (Dominion status) on 31 May 1910. One of the original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931. Left on 31 May 1961, rejoined on 1 June 1994.[२६]
श्रीलंका श्री लंका 1948-02-044 February 1948 आशिया 20,743,000 Joined as the Dominion of Ceylon, subsequently changing its name in 1972.
स्वाझीलँड स्वाझीलँड 1968-09-066 September 1968 आफ्रिका 1,182,000
टांझानिया टांझानिया 1964-04-2626 April 1964 आफ्रिका 43,729,000 Merger of Tanganyika and Zanzibar.[२७]
टोंगा टोंगा 1970-06-044 June 1970 ओशनिया 102,000
त्रिनिदाद आणि टोबॅगो त्रिनिदाद व टोबॅगो 1962-08-3131 August 1962 उत्तर अमेरिका 1,335,000
तुवालू तुवालू[B] 1978-10-011 October 1978 ओशनिया 12,000 Tuvalu was a special member from 1 October 1978 until 1 September 2000.[२८]
युगांडा युगांडा 1962-10-099 October 1962 आफ्रिका 32,816,000
युनायटेड किंग्डम युनायटेड किंग्डम 1931-12-1111 December 1931 Europe 61,609,500 The Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted the Statute of Westminster 1931.
व्हानुआतू व्हानुआतू[B] 1980-07-3030 July 1980 ओशनिया 241,000 Gained independence from joint rule of France and United Kingdom.
झांबिया झांबिया 1964-10-2424 October 1964 आफ्रिका 12,935,000

^ A. Unless otherwise noted, independence was gained from United Kingdom on date of joining the Commonwealth as shown in column 2.
^ B. Not a member of the Commonwealth Foundation.
^ C. The population figure is based on 2004 estimates.
^ D. The population figure is based on 2005 estimates.

निलंबित सदस्य [संपादन]

देश प्रवेश खंड निलंबित Notes
फिजी फिजी[A] 1970-10-1010 October 1970 ओशनिया 8 December 2006 Left in 1987; rejoined in 1997; suspended on 6 June 2000;[२९] suspension lifted on 20 December 2001;[३०] again suspended in 2006 because of the 2006 Fijian coup d'état.[३१]

^ A. Not a member of the Commonwealth Foundation.

माजी सदस्य [संपादन]

देश प्रवेश खंड निर्गम टीपा
आयर्लंडचे प्रजासत्ताक आयर्लंड 1931-12-1111 December 1931 Europe 1949-04-18]]18 April 1949 One of the original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931. Left after passing the Republic of Ireland Act in 1949.[६][१०]
झिंबाब्वे झिम्बाब्वे 1980-10-011 October 1980 आफ्रिका 2003-12-077 December 2003 Suspended on 19 March 2002.[३०] Withdrew voluntarily on 7 December 2003.[३२]

बरखास्त सदस्य [संपादन]

भूतपूर्व देश सामील खंड बरखास्त Rejoined as part of Notes
फेडरेशन ऑफ मलया Malaya 1957-08-3131 August 1957 आशिया 1963-09-1616 September 1963 मलेशिया मलेशिया Reformed as Federation of Malaysia with Singapore (became a separate member in 1965), Sabah, and Sarawak.
साचा:देश माहिती Newfoundland न्यू फाउंडलंड 1931-12-1111 December 1931 उत्तर अमेरिका 1934-02-1616 February 1934 कॅनडा कॅनडा One of the original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931. Government suspended on 16 February 1934, joined Canada on 31 March 1949.[१०]
साचा:देश माहिती Tanganyika Tanganyika 1961-12-099 December 1961 आफ्रिका 1964-04-2626 April 1964 टांझानिया टांझानिया The two countries merged to form Tanzania on 26 April 1964.[२७]
झांझिबार Zanzibar 1963-12-1010 December 1963

संदर्भ [संपादन]

  1. ↑ बवेविप्र*. राष्ट्रकुल परिषद सचिवालय. २००७-०७-२५ रोजी पाहिले.
  2. ↑ सिंगापुर घोषणा. राष्ट्रकुल परिषद सचिवालय (जानेवारी २२ १९७१). २००७-०७-२५ रोजी पाहिले.
  3. ↑ Members. Commonwealth Secretariat. 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  4. ↑ Australia. Commonwealth Secretariat. 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  5. ↑ Kohen, Marcelo G. (2006). Secession. London: Cambridge University Press, पृ. 122. आय.एस.बी.एन. 9780521849289. 
  6. ↑ ६.० ६.१ Wind of Change. Commonwealth of Nations. 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  7. ↑ Pondi, Jean-Emmanuel (October 1997). "Cameroon and the Commonwealth of Nations". The Round Table 86 (344): pp. 563–570. दुवा:10.1080/00358539708454389. 10.1080/00358539708454389. 
  8. ↑ Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data. Statistics Canada (2008-01-04). 2009-10-19 रोजी पाहिले.
  9. ↑ Canada - History. Commonwealth Secretariat. 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  10. ↑ १०.० १०.१ १०.२ Dominion Status. Commonwealth of Nations. 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  11. ↑ McIntyre, W. David (January 2000). "Britain and the creation of the Commonwealth Secretariat". Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 28 (1): pp. 135–158. दुवा:10.1080/03086530008583082. 10.1080/03086530008583082. 
  12. ↑ Malaysia - History. Commonwealth Secretariat. 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  13. ↑ Maldives - History. Commonwealth Secretariat. 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  14. ↑ The Maldives and the Commonwealth. Republic of Maldives. 30 January 2009 रोजी पाहिले.
  15. ↑ Ingram, Derek (April 1996). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table 85 (338): pp. 153–165. दुवा:10.1080/00358539608454302. 10.1080/00358539608454302. 
  16. ↑ १६.० १६.१ Rwanda becomes a member of the Commonwealth. BBC News (2009-11-29). 2009-11-29 रोजी पाहिले.
  17. ↑ Chronology of Namibian Independence
  18. ↑ Nauru Accedes to Full Membership of the Commonwealth. Commonwealth Secretariat (12 April 1999). 30 January 2009 रोजी पाहिले.
  19. ↑ Nauru–History. Commonwealth Secretariat. 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  20. ↑ New Zealand- History. Commonwealth Secretariat. 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  21. ↑ Nigeria. Commonwealth Secretariat. 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  22. ↑ Pakistan suspended from the Commonwealth. Commonwealth Secretariat (2007-11-22). 2008-06-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  23. ↑ Commonwealth lifts Pakistan suspension. Commonwealth Secretariat (2008-05-12). 2008-06-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  24. ↑ त्रूटी उधृत करा: <ref> चुकीचा कोड; rwanda नावाने दिलेल्या संदर्भांमध्ये काहीही माहिती नाही
  25. ↑ "Constitution Amendment Act (No 2) 1997". 2007-11-27 रोजी तपासले. 
  26. ↑ South आफ्रिका. Commonwealth Secretariat. 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  27. ↑ २७.० २७.१ Tanzania - History. Commonwealth Secretariat. 2008-02-15 रोजी पाहिले.
  28. ↑ Tuvalu Accedes to Full Membership of the Commonwealth. Commonwealth Secretariat (14 August 2000). 30 January 2009 रोजी पाहिले.
  29. ↑ Ingram, Derek (July 2000). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table 89 (355): pp. 311–55. दुवा:10.1080/00358530050083406. Retrieved on 2008-12-20. 
  30. ↑ ३०.० ३०.१ Ingram, Derek (April 2002). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table 91 (364): pp. 131–59. दुवा:10.1080/00358530220144148. Retrieved on 2008-12-20. 
  31. ↑ Ingram, Derek (February 2007). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table 96 (388): pp. 2–28. दुवा:10.1080/00358530701189734. Retrieved on 2008-12-20. 
  32. ↑ (January 2004) "Editorial: CHOGM 2003, Abuja, Nigeria". The Round Table 93 (373): pp. 3–6. दुवा:10.1080/0035853042000188139. Retrieved on 2008-12-20. 


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